15. Pinball Software Setup

Now let's look at the software needed to transform this from a plain Windows PC to a pin cab machine.
The main software you need, of course, is the pinball simulator. To take advantage of the special features of a cab, you also need some add-ons to display the backglass artwork and control the feedback devices. You'll also want a "front end" program that provides an interactive menu for selecting tables to play. We'll look at the options for all of these in this chapter.

Should I use "Run as Administrator" for everything?

The simple answer is No. This might contradict advice you find in the forums or FAQs or other guides, saying that you should routinely run everything in Admin Mode, but I consider any such advice to be outdated or misinformed.
What is "Admin Mode" anyway? Microsoft divided Windows into "Admin" and "User" spaces, where the Admin space contains all of the core system programs, settings, and so forth, and the User space contains everything else. When you launch a program, the default is to run in User Mode, which only allows access to the things in the User space - not the special system files in the Admin space. A program can only access the protected Admin items if it's running in Admin Mode, which allows it access to everything.
Admin Mode is dangerous, since an Admin Mode program can access anything on your system, including all of the most sensitive system files. So the whole idea is that Admin Mode should only be invoked for programs that are highly trustworthy, and which actually need the special access rights that Admin Mode allows. Ordinary programs that you don't expect to mess around with system settings shouldn't be given access to system settings, because the only way they'd use that access is if they do something wrong, due to either a bug or malicious intent. It's better to have such a program crash with an "Access Denied" error than to let it carry out its faulty or malicious system change.
Therefore, the only programs that you should run in Admin Mode are programs that have a good reason to require it. This includes programs like installers, disk management tools, and system control panels. Everything else is supposed to run in regular User Mode, where the system is more protected from the program's mistakes (or evil intentions).
So why do so some people on the forums tell you that you should use Admin Mode routinely, when Microsoft says you shouldn't? The reason is mostly "history". In the old days, when Windows Vista first came out, there were a few isolated software components in the pinball gaming world that really did require Admin Mode to work properly. That wasn't because those programs had a legitimate reason to use Admin Mode, but rather because they were coded to old, outdated standards. In other words, it was a bug that they required Admin Mode. The correct solution was always to update the programs to the modern Windows standards, eliminating the Admin Mode dependency, but it always takes a while for programmers to get around to fixing old software. In the meantime, people wanted to keep running some of those programs, so they worked around the out-of-date issue by allowing them to use Admin Mode. Unfortunately, this had a cascading effect, because Windows erects protective barriers around a program running in Admin Mode, to block things like password stealers. When you ran one old program in Admin Mode, and you had some second program that wanted to interact with the first, you also had to run the second program in Admin Mode, to get around the protective barriers. I think you can see how this leads to the notion that you've got to just run everything in Admin Mode all the time. It was never really true, but people got so tired of figuring out all of the inter-dependencies that they just gave up and ran everything in Admin Mode.
Okay, so if "Admin Mode everywhere all the time" is a simple way to solve thorny problems, why am I saying you shouldn't use it? The main reason is that, while it might solve certain problems, it creates other problems. The most obvious is that you're bypassing all of the security features that the Admin/User Mode division was intended to provide, so you're reducing your overall system security quite a bit. The second, less obvious problem is that you're going to find yourself fighting with Windows (more than usual). Microsoft really, truly doesn't want you to bypass the security features they provide, because they're sick of people disabling all of the Windows security features and then blaming Microsoft when someone hacks into their systems. So Microsoft has increasingly made the security features so deeply integrated into Windows that it's hard to bypass them.
The right solution - from a security perspective, and in terms of simplicity - is to stop using Admin Mode for any of your pinball software. If you run everything in regular User Mode, everything will be able to interact as it was designed to, with no hassles at the system level. Remember how I said that this whole Admin Mode fiasco is historical, because it was a requirement for certain out-of-date components in the old days? Fortunately, the whole issue is really a thing of the past now. Nearly all of the old programs that inspired the "always use Admin Mode" advice have either been updated many times since then, so that they no longer require Admin Mode, or have been superseded by new programs built to modern standards. As of 2020, I don't think that any of the common pinball components require Admin Mode, as long as you've updated to current versions.
If you do encounter any up-to-date pinball-related programs that say "Admin mode required", you should take a critical look at them and make sure the requirement is real, not just a misunderstanding on the part of the programmer or the person who wrote the tutorial you're following. There's still a lot of confusion about this, so you can't always trust the FAQs and guides. My personal policy is that I simply won't run programs with unnecessary Admin Mode dependencies until the developer fixes them. I realize that not everyone is so ruthless, when faced with a fun new feature that they really want to try. If you find a program that you can't live without, and there's just no way around its "requires Admin Mode" problem, I'd at least try to hold firm on one thing: don't let it "infect" the rest of your system with its Admin Mode requirement. One concrete thing you can do is to use PinballY as your front end. It has the ability to launch Admin Mode programs without running in Admin Mode itself. A major cause of the Admin Mode infection is that none of the other front ends can launch Admin Mode programs unless you also run them in Admin Mode, and of course if you do that, everything they launch will be in Admin Mode. And as I said, that might seem like it works for a while, but it's likely to eventually cause its own problems.

Customization log

Before you do anything else, I think it's a good idea to create "customization log" file. This is just text file for your own use - you can create it with Notepad and leave it empty for now. Put it someplace where you'll be able to find it easily in the future, such as right on the Windows desktop on your cab PC.
The point of this file is to jot down all of the special customizations you make to Visual Pinball and other software. VP in particular forces you to make some customizations in ways that you'll have to repeat each time you update to a new version. For example, some customizations require that you hand-edit VP's shared script files, and those changes will be lost on each update because VP will overwrite the scripts with its own updated copies. That's not a very friendly design on VP's part, I know, but it's just the way some things in VP work.
I'll mention this file again in other chapters when these sorts of changes come up, with a suggestion that you make a note in your customization log file. For now, just create the file so it'll be ready when you need it. In the future, whenever you make a change that warrants inclusion, add a note about it to the file. When it comes time to update VP or other software, you can refer back to this file to reinstate any customizations that got lost in the update process. The same goes if you ever have to rebuild your Windows system due to a system upgrade or disk failure.

Free pinball players

There are three main free pinball player programs for Windows:
  • Visual Pinball 9
  • Visual Pinball 10 (also known as VP X)
  • Future Pinball
Visual Pinball is the essential program for a virtual cab. VP is an open-source project with an active developer community and frequent updates. Hundreds of tables are available, including re-creations of a pretty good percentage of all of the real pinball machines across the decades, plus many original tables. VP has excellent support for the whole gamut of special pin cab features: backglass monitors, DMDs, feedback devices, plunger inputs, accelerometer nudging.
I counted VP 9 and 10 as two separate programs because they're not compatible with each other's tables, so you really have to install both. There's also a much older version 8, plus a couple of different, mutually incompatible versions of VP 9. Some people like to keep all of these installed because, again, individual tables are all tied to specific VP versions, so you need all of the VP versions if you want the ability to play all of the tables out there. (VP isn't very good at compatibility.) Fortunately, there's a combined installer that sets up the whole collection of VP versions with a single download and a single install process.
Future Pinball is another free player, but unlike VP, it's no longer being maintained or updated. Its original creator abandoned it a long time ago and never released the source code, so it's basically a dead end. Even so, you might want to install it to gain access to its tables, since there are a few re-creation tables (particularly from the 1970s or before) where there's an FP version but no VP version.

Visual Pinball 9 and 10

Visual Pinball 10, or "VP X", is the latest version, and VP 9 is the previous version. You'll want to install both versions because they're not compatible with each other's table files, and you'll want to be able to run both kinds of tables.
You can recognize VP 9 tables by the ".vpt" filename suffix. VP 10 tables use the ".vpx" suffix.
The easiest way to set up both versions is to use the VP Installer. VP is actually a collection of about five programs that work together, and in the old days, you had to go download them all individually and then go through a complex series of steps to configure them. The VP Installer bundles everything into a single download, and provides a Windows Setup program that configures it all automatically.
Here are the steps to install VP (both versions 9 and 10) with the VP Installer:
  • Go to vpforums.
  • On the navigation bar near the top, click Getting Started. This will pop up a menu. Under "Install Visual Pinball", click "VP Installer".
  • Even though this is called the "VP X Installer", it's actually the combined installer for VP 9 and 10.
  • Click the Download button and follow the instructions to download the file. If you see several version options, pick the one with the highest number, since it should be the latest. You might need to create an account and log in before you can start the download.
  • Unzip the downloaded file into a temporary folder on your hard disk.
  • Double-click the Setup program.
  • Important: when the program asks for a destination folder, use a folder in your hard disk's root folder, such as C:\Visual Pinball.

    You can use a folder different name, but don't use anything within the Windows "Program Files" folder tree. Yes, that's the normal location for installing programs, but don't use it for VP. You'll create huge headaches for yourself if you do. The issue is that some VP components need to write files to their own install folders, and Windows has security restrictions against programs writing within the Program Files tree. The simple solution is to install VP somewhere else.

  • If the program asks which DMD components to install, it's talking about the special "Dot Matrix Display" hardware devices that you can optionally install in your cab to re-create the plasma scoring display on 1990s pinballs. If you're using a video monitor (such as a small TV or laptop display) for this, or you don't have a DMD panel at all, use the default option. If you're using a special external DMD device (PinDMD 2, PinDMD3, or Pin2dmd), select the corresponding option.

    The VP Installer asks this question because each of the external hardware DMD devices require their own special software. The VP developers are working to combine all of this into a single unified system, which will eventually make it unnecessary to choose which one to use. If the installer doesn't ask this question, don't worry - it means you have a newer version with the unified software.

Future Pinball

Future Pinball isn't as essential as VP. It's an older system that hasn't been updated since 2010, and it's unlikely that it ever will be updated again, since its author abandoned the project without ever publishing the source code. I don't find its physics as convincing as VP's, and due to its age, FP's support for special cabinet features is limited.
Even so, many cab builders think FP is worth installing, since it's free and it has lots of tables available.
You can recognize tables written for FP by the ".fpt" filename suffix.
To install FP:
  • Go to the Future Pinball site, futurepinball.com
  • Click on the Download button near the top of the page
  • Click on the Download link
  • Run the downloaded .exe file, which will set up the program for you

Commercial pinball players

Some good commercial pinball games are also available. Here are the main commercial titles popular with cabinet builders:
  • Pinball FX. A commercial pinball simulation available on Windows and other platforms. In 2018, this company acquired the Williams licenses that Farsight (see below) formerly held. They're gradually releasing table packs featuring re-creations of Williams/Bally/Midway titles. Pinball FX also offers a large collection of "fantasy" titles (original tables that never existed as real machines) from before they bought the Williams licenses, many based on popular media themes including the Star Wars movies and Marvel comics. Their older fantasy games had a decidedly unreal flavor, as they chose to fully embrace their video-game-ness by including elements that would have been impossible in a physical table. For some people that's a positive, since it makes the game action more diverse than in a real pinball machine, but it can be a negative if your tastes run more toward simulation and realism. Recognizing this, the FX developers say they've made changes to the physics engine in the new re-creations to make them play more realistically. This product has a Pin Cab mode available; to get it, you have to send a request to the publisher's tech support staff and provide proof that your cab is operated non-commercially.
  • The Pinball Arcade by Farsight Studios. Detailed and accurate re-creations of real machines from the 1960s through the 2000s, available on Windows and other platforms. TPA formerly boasted a large collection of Williams/Bally/Midway titles that included many of the best pinballs ever made. But Farsight's license to those titles was terminated in 2018 (to be taken over by the Pinball FX developers), so the editions you can buy now only include Gottlieb and Stern titles. Gottlieb dominated the EM era, so there are some great classics in there if you like the older machines, and Stern has been steadily producing newer machines since Williams withdrew from the market, many of which are popular and well-regarded.
The commercial games are playable on pin cabs, but they cater mostly to desktop users, and have limited support for pin cab features (DOF, multiple monitors, real DMDs, etc). Pin cab users aren't a big enough market to attract much commercial support, and of course the open-source developers who created all of the pin cab technologies are unable to modify closed-source commercial products.

Cabinet enhancements

Visual Pinball and the other pinball player programs are basically PC video games. To take full advantage of a cabinet, there are some additional pieces of software that you need.

Backglass display software

To display backglass artwork when playing Visual Pinball games, you need an add-on program called B2S Backglass Server. B2S is installed automatically along with VP if you used the VP Installer. If you set up VP manually, you'll have to install B2S separately.
Getting B2S working takes a few additional steps beyond just installing the software. We cover the details in Backglass Software Setup.

Tactile feedback and lights

If you're installing any feedback devices in your cab - solenoids, shaker motors, flashing lights - then you need some additional software called DOF (DirectOutput Framework) to control the feedback devices.
DOF is an add-on program that lets Visual Pinball and other software access your output controller. DOF acts as the coordinator between the simulated game and the physical feedback devices, to synchronize feedback effects with the game action: firing your flipper solenoids when the flipper flips, activating the shaker motor when the castle is destroyed, etc.
DOF is a fairly big subject, so it gets its own chapter: DOF Setup.

PinVol

PinVol is a utility I wrote to make it easier to control the audio volume during play. It lets you adjust the volume using cabinet buttons, and its special ability is that it helps equalize the volume level across different tables. It remembers your volume settings for each table individually, and automatically restores the table-specific settings whenever you switch tables. It has some additional special features for pin cabs, such as "night mode" (to reduce volume across all tables for late-night play) and individual level controls for multiple sound cards, all accessible from cabinet buttons.
You can find the download link and installation instructions on the PinVol page.

Game selectors, or "front ends"

When your pin cab is finished, you'll probably want it to give the appearance of being a full-fledged arcade machine, not a plain old Windows PC. When you turn on the power, you won't want to see the Windows desktop at any point; you'll want something that looks more like a video game instead. It's also important to be able to operate all controls with the basic set of pin cab buttons - flipper buttons, Start, Exit.
This can all be accomplished with a program known on the forums as a "front end", so-called because it's the first thing you see when you walk up to the pin cab. A front end program serves as a replacement for the Windows desktop. It provides a video game-style user interface that lets you browse through your installed tables, launch tables, and switch between tables. A good front end will let you operate everything with the pin cab buttons so that you don't have to reach for the mouse or keyboard.
The most widely used front end currently is PinballX, which is free but closed-source. The original front end, HyperPin (also free-but-closed-source), is still around, but it's not very widely used any more; most people consider PinballX's user interface to be more modern and more pin-cab-friendly. There are also two newer options: PinUp Popper, another free/closed-source program; and my own PinballY, free and open-source.

PinballY

This is my own project, brand new in late 2018. I tried to make it easy and quick to set up so that you can try it out without a lot of hassle. It's designed specifically for pin cabs, and has built-in integration with most of the pin cab ecosystem, including DOF, real DMD devices, joysticks (for button input), and multiple monitors. It's also highly customizable via a built-in Javascript scripting engine.
Downloads and more information are available at the PinballY Project Page.
PinballY is similar to the other front ends in terms of user interface appearance and functionality. The main reason I wrote it was that I wanted an open-source option (all of the other front ends I know of are closed-source).

PinUp Popper

This is a newer program released in early 2018. It's free, but closed-source. See www.nailbuster.com/wikipinup/doku.php for download and install information.

PinballX

PinballX is currently the most popular front end for pin cabs. It has a minimalistic user interface that's well designed for pin cabs, letting you access all functionality with just four buttons (flippers, Start, and Exit), but also letting you use other buttons if you have them (e.g., MagnaSave).
You can download PinballX from its home site, pinballx.com. It's free to download, but it's closed-source, and installed versions "expire" after a period of time, requiring you to update. Follow the Download link from the main page to download the installer.
After running the installer program, you have to run the Settings.exe program in the PinballX folder. PinballX needs to know a bunch of things about your system before it will work properly. You should go through at least the Basic settings. Pay particular attention to the following:
  • Display Settings page: Assign the monitors you're using for the playfield (which PinballX calls the "main display"), backglass, and DMD (dot matrix display). Also set the rotations.
  • Startup Settings: Set "Start with Windows" to Yes if you want the program to launch automatically when you boot the system.
  • Keyboard Input Settings: set the key assignments to match the keys assigned to your cabinet buttons. If you're mapping the buttons to joystick buttons, you can assign those on the next page, Joystick Input Settings.
  • Future Pinball, Visual Pinball: Set the directory paths for these programs. The "Working Path" field should be set to the folder containing each program.

Adding tables to the PinballX menu

PinballX doesn't go out and find your tables by itself. You have to enter each table into PinballX's menu list yourself. You do this using the Game List Manager program in the PinballX program directory. Before running this, make sure you configured the directory locations with the PinballX Settings program as described above.
The PBX installer will pre-populate the menu list with a few games for demo purposes, so the first thing you'll probably want to do is delete these. Simply click the Delete button next to each game in the list. Note that there are multiple game lists (Visual Pinball, Future Pinball, MAME), so you'll have to select each list with the drop list at the top of the window and delete its games.
Each pinball game you set up has a bunch of associated "media" items: a "wheel" image, which provides the title graphic shown in the menu when you navigate to the table; a playfield image; a backglass image; a DMD image; the advertising flyer for the game; an instructions card; video versions of the table and backglass images; and audio to play when you launch the game. You can set up each of these items individually, but that's extremely tedious, especially if you have lots of games to add.
Fortunately, there's an easier way.
The quick way to set up a game is to use the "Import Media Pack" button at the top. This lets you add a game, along with all of its related media items, in one operation. You'll still need to select the game's playable file (the .vpx file for VP 10, for example), but everything else will be set up automatically.
To set up a game using the "import" button, start by downloading the game's media pack. You can find media packs on vpforums. Select "Frontend Media & Backglass" on the navigation bar, then click "Complete Media Packs" under the Media Packs section. This will take you to a gigantic list of "HP Media Pack" files. The "HP" is for HyperPin, but PinballX knows how to read these same files. Navigate through the list to find the game you're looking for.
Each of these "HP Media Pack" files is an ordinary ZIP file. Don't unpack them. Simply download them to the Tables directory for the appropriate pinball player version. For example, if you're setting up a Visual Pinball 10 game, download the corresponding table pack to the Visual Pinball 10\Tables folder.
Now go to the PinballX Game Manager. Select the list for the appropriate pinball player at the top (e.g., select "Visual Pinball"). Don't click Add Game at any point. Instead, click Import Media Pack. Select the ZIP file you downloaded. This will automatically create a new entry for the game and populate it with the media items in the ZIP file. Now click on the Select button next to the Game field for the newly added item. Choose the playable game file from the list. Note that this will only show you a list of game files you've already installed in the Tables folder, so you'll have to actually download the game into the Tables before you can complete this step.
After you exit out of the Game Manager program and restart PinballX, you should now see the newly added game show up in the menu.
As you add tables to your system, you'll need to repeat this process for each one.

HyperPin

HyperPin was the original front end for pin cabs. It's an offshoot of the similarly named HyperSpin, which is a popular front end for home-brew video game cabinets. Since HyperPin came from the video game world, it was designed around an assumption that you have a big bunch of buttons. Pin cab builders tend to prefer a more minimalistic approach, with only a small set of buttons closer to what's found on most real pinball machines. This has always made HyperPin a little ill-fitting on a pin cab, since its UI depends on having a fairly large number of buttons that can be mapped to individual functions. A lot of early pin cab builders designed their cabs specifically for HyperPin by installing four or five extra buttons on the front panel dedicated to front-end functions. But most of us don't like the extra buttons on aesthetic grounds, because they take away from the real pinball look. That's a big part of why so many pin cab builders migrated to PinballX when it became available.
The home site for HyperPin is hyperspin-fe.com. Click the Download button in the main navigation bar, then look for "HyperPin" in the Category list.

Where to find tables

Visual Pinball tables: The biggest collection I've seen of VP cabinet-mode tables is vpforums. Click "Visual Pinball Tables" in the navigation bar at the top. The popup menu has several sections; the ones you'll want to look in for pin cab use are "VP9 Cabinet Tables" and "VPX Tables" section. VP 9 requires tables to be designed specially for cabinet use, which is why it has a special section. VP 10 unifies cabinet and desktop modes, so it doesn't have a separate cabinet section - any VPX table should work in cabinet mode.
vpuniverse also hosts VP tables, although their collection isn't as extensive. Click the Downloads link in the navigation bar to find tables.
Future Pinball tables: As with VP 10, all Future Pinball table files are playable in cabinet mode. You just have to adjust the camera settings for each table to get it lined up properly for cabinet play. vpforums has a large collection of FP tables: click "Downloads" in the navigation bar, then look in the "Future Pinball Tables" section.
Backglasses: Some tables include the B2S backglass files with the Visual Pinball table files, but most don't, so you'll usually have to download backglass files separately. vpforums has a large collection of these: click "Frontend Media & Backglasses" on the navigation bar, then select "dB2S Animated Backglasses" under the Backglasses section.
PinballX & HyperPin media: vpforums has a large collection of media packs for the front-end menu program. Click "Frontend Media & Backglasses" on the navigation bar, then select "Complete Media Packs" from the "Media Packs" section. "HP Media Pack" files work in both HyperPin and PinballX.